Density of Concrete are listed below In case of reinforced concrete. ϼ= Density of concrete (kg/m 3) k=Thermal conductivity. Density of M20,M25 and M30 is to be taken as 25kn/m³. The density of a concrete masonry unit is expressed as the oven-dry density of concrete in pounds per cubic foot (lb/ft 3 [kg/m 3]) as determined in accordance with ASTM C140, Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units (ref. But the most important variable is probably the reinforcement. Thus the density of high density concrete is about 50% more than the density of conventional concrete. Unfortunately there are variables in the batching process that can throw this off slightly, usually be about 1% or … Layer thickness is a measure that indicates the volume of the product that needs to be applied. The strength of concrete is majorly derived from aggregates, where-as cement and sand contribute binding and workability along with flowability to concrete.. is 2400 kg. (A good project for advanced students.) The compressive strength is typically controlled with the ratio of water to cement when forming the concrete, and tensile strength is increased by additives, typically steel, to create reinforced concrete. Wikipedia defines the density of a substance as: “…its mass per unit volume. Otherwise the aggregates will absorb water during the displacement measurement and give … [8], At elevated temperatures, small cracks form and propagate inside the concrete with increased temperature, possibly caused by differential thermal coefficients of expansion within the cement matrix. = 1700 g/L. Wt. Exceeding a defined limit, the more water the concrete mixture … The density (unit weight) of concrete is measured using a Type B pressure meter (see photo) to verify agreement with the approved project mix design.The information obtained through this test can also be used to determine yield and relative yield, which helps you verify that you are getting the volume of concrete you ordered and paid for. To optimize the particle packing density of concrete, the particles should be … The rate of concrete density was decreased in lower concrete compressive strength and constant slump values and goes on increases with increase in grade of concrete for in concrete … Lightweight concrete weighs less because it is made with an aggregate called pumice, a naturally light mineral. Bulk Density of Aggregates. Water has the density of only 62.4 pounds per cubic foot. Number of bags = Density of the concrete * Volume of the slab / Weight bag . These values for density of some common building materials were collected from sites across the Internet and are generally in agreement with multiple sites. For ordinary cured concrete… The total quantity of cementitious materials (portland cement, slag cement, pozzolans) can affect strength, water demand, shrinkage, abrasion resistance and density. Density of Different Construction Materials Density of construction materials are its mass per unit volume of materials. = 106.128 lb/ft³. Density affects its thermal conductivity significantly more than water content. Reinforced concrete is the most common form of concrete. The mixed density may be stated in a different unit in the data sheet, but it can be easily converted: In two-component products (such two-component cementitious coatings, epoxies or polyureas), the components are mixed in a specific ratio to achieve the final membrane or coating film properties after proper curing. [7] Also, the decomposition of calcium hydroxide in concrete forms lime and water. one-component polyurethanes). Example 1: Construction in the sea-side area with a concrete grade of C30/37. In production, the density of a given concrete masonry unit is controlled in part by the methods … but the standard cured cylinders comprise acceptance criteria. The weight or mass of a cubic metre of concrete can be expressed as a density. Aerated Concrete is a variety of extremely lightweight concrete ( density 480-800 Kg/m 3). Amount of Water Required for 1m 3 of Concrete:-For making concrete, required amount of water is added. He then realized that much of the concrete was very cracked, and could not be a part of the structure under compressive loads, yet the structure clearly worked. Soft, porous aggregates can result in weak concrete with low wear resistance, while using hard aggregates can make strong concrete with a high resistance to abrasion. This is achieved by providing reinforcing steel which yields before failure of the concrete in compression occurs and allowing remediation, repair, or if necessary, evacuation of an unsafe area. His later designs simply removed the cracked areas, leaving slender, beautiful concrete arches. Read more : Specific gravity and water absorption of coarse aggregate using Glass vessel c The elastic modulus of the hardened paste may be in the order of 10-30 GPa and aggregates about 45 to 85 GPa. Structural lightweight concrete has an in-place density (unit weight) on the order of 90 to 115 lb/ ft3 (1440 to 1840 kg/m3) compared to normalweight concrete with a density in the range of 140 to 150 lb/ ft3 (2240 to 2400 kg/m3). For practical immediate considerations, it is incumbent to accurately test the fundamental properties of concrete in its fresh, plastic state. However, with a high temperature gradient between the surface and the interior, vapor can also inwards where it may condense with lower temperatures. How concrete varies. But be careful with the term “density” in product data sheets! Entrained air reduces density and free water in the pores increases it. As a result, without compensating, concrete would almost always fail from tensile stresses (Stress (mechanics)#Mohr's circle) even when loaded in compression. When using barite aggregate, the density of concrete is about 3400 kg/m 3, which is 45% higher than that of ordinary concrete; with magnetite the density is equal to 3500 kg/m 3 —by 50% higher than that of normal concrete … The right calculation would be: When calculating the cost of the job and identifying the economically best option between two products offering equal performance, the cost per kg (€/kg) is evidently not the only parameter you need to take into account. One of the early designers of reinforced concrete, Robert Maillart, employed reinforced concrete in a number of arched bridges. Plain concrete is 2200 kg. Structural fibers of various materials are available. The symbol most often used for density is ρ, although the Latin letter D can also be used. Our concrete strengths range from grade C10 to C40. Generally, the increased concrete density is achieved using barite, magnetite, or hematite aggregates. Reinforced concrete, concrete in which steel is embedded in such a manner that the two materials act together in resisting forces. Density of regularly used aggregates can vary strikingly between, say, limestone and granite. Note that … Additional samples may be field cured (non-standard) for the purpose of early 'stripping' strengths, that is, form removal, evaluation of curing, etc. Concrete calculation formula Calculate the slab volume . As for concrete itself, the density of concrete of normal weight is about 2,400 kg per cubic meter, or 145 lbs. For example, the density of concrete is determined by the density of the aggregate. Concrete has moderate thermal conductivity, much lower than metals, but significantly higher than other building materials such as wood, and is a poor insulator. I would like to point out that there are conceptual differences between density, specific weight and specific gravity. The resulting concrete mixture is usually pumped to the roof site and screeded into place over the structural base. Density of Reinforced Concrete The size and length of cracks is dependent on the magnitude of the bending moment and the design of the reinforcing in the beam at the point under consideration. Density Calculation Steps. Reference. In lean concretes (with a high water-cement ratio) the crushing strength of the aggregates is not so significant. High-density Concrete: This type of concrete is also called heavy weight concrete. The portion of the beam that is in tension may crack. Density of concrete varies depending on composition, amount of air, water, cement, stone size, steel reinforcement etc. This is most common in concrete beams where a transversely applied load will put one surface into compression and the opposite surface into tension due to induced bending. Typically density is expressed as mass divided by volume.The self weight of a concrete element is high and can contribute a high proportion of loading on a structure. of Concrete = (23.60 x 101.9) Kgs/m3 Unit. Follow the link if you want to learn more about these differences. If grading of aggregate is varied, it also changes cement paste content (cost economy), workability of the mix, The standard laboratory density is specified as 50 or 75 blows with the Marshall hammer.In recent years most states have required 75 blows for high volume roads.Typically specifications will require at least 95 percent of laboratory density in some cases to as much as at least 98 percent in others. The concrete which has substantially lower mass per unit volume then the concrete made of ordinary ingredients is called lightweight concrete. A layer of concrete is frequently used for 'fireproofing' of steel structures. However this concrete can be produced of density upto 5200 kg/m 3 using iron as both fine and coarse aggregate. Concrete cracks due to tensile stress induced by shrinkage or stresses occurring during setting or use. Therefore, accurate density measurements for the cement and other cementitious materials are essential to properly design concrete mixtures by volume. Concrete can also be prestressed (reducing tensile stress) using internal steel cables (tendons), allowing for beams or slabs with a longer span than is practical with reinforced concrete alone. The definition of a foamed concrete is one that has an air content of over 30% so typically the densities of foamed concrete range from 200kg/m3 to 1700kg/m3 (densities below 400kg/m3 need to be attempted and undertaken with … Concrete members may be put into tension by applied loads. Wired.com reported on April 13, 2007 that a team from the University of Tehran, competing in a contest sponsored by the American Concrete Institute, demonstrated several blocks of concretes with abnormally high compressive strengths between 340 and 410 MPa (49,000 and 59,000 psi) at 28 days. {\displaystyle 57000{\sqrt {f'_{c}}}} It's also important to note that the density of concrete will differ depending on the type of concrete you are using. The density of light weight concrete is about 1900 kg/m 3 and that of normal concrete about 2400 kg/m 3. : Density of concrete, Kg/m 3 g : Gravitational constant, 9.81 N/kg h : Depth of fluid or plastic concrete from top of the placement to the point of consideration in the form, m Source: ESCS. Variation in the size of Aggregates changes the water demand, cement content, micro-cracking (strength) in concrete. But how do you convert these 2 liters into kilograms, which is the usual parameter used for the packaging of these products? Density is also called as unit weight of substance. Creep is the permanent movement or deformation of a material in order to relieve stresses within the material. Coefficient of thermal expansion - β : 10-5 oC-1 (5.5 x 10-6 oF-1) Drying shrinkage : 4 - 8 x 10-4. Dense aggregate blocks have a density in the range 1800 – 2100 kg/m 3, while lightweight aggregate blocks (otherwise known as Medium Dense) have with a density in the range 650 – 1500 kg/m 3.. Aircrete blocks have a density in the range 400 – 900 kg/m 3.. The density of aggregates could be measured and correlated with the density of concrete. Standardized form factors are 6" by 12" or 4" by 8" cylindrical samples, with some laboratories opting to utilize cubic samples. The American Concrete Institute allows the modulus of elasticity to be calculated using the following equation:[4]. Assuming that the performance is the same, the decision seems clear: Product A wins the job. When using only MagnaDense as a high density aggregate, concrete with densities up to 4.0 t/m 3 is achievable. Temperatures elevated above 300 °C (572 °F) degrade the mechanical properties of concrete, including compressive strength, fracture strength, tensile strength, and elastic modulus, with respect to deleterious effect on its structural changes. When a mix design is done, it is a "theoretical recipe" that should yield what is designed. For these products, the density can be used without further problems for the consumption calculation. This means that applying a membrane of 2 mm in thickness will require 2 liters of product. However, some types of concrete (like Pervious concrete) allow water to pass, hereby being perfect alternatives to Macadam roads, as they do not need to be fitted with storm drains. Twenty eight days is a long wait to determine if desired strengths are going to be obtained, so three-day and seven-day strengths can be useful to predict the ultimate 28-day compressive strength of the concrete. Determination of bulk density and void content of aggregate are necessary for use for many methods of selecting proportions for concrete mixtures as mortar requirement increases with increase in void content of aggregates. The aggregate is usually washed to remove any dust, silt, clay, organic matter, or … Plastic-shrinkage cracks are immediately apparent, visible within 0 to 2 days of placement, while drying-shrinkage cracks develop over time. High density concrete is a concrete having a density in the range of 6000 to 6400 kg/cu.m. Inspection of existing concrete structures can be non-destructive if carried out with equipment such as a Schmidt hammer, which is sometimes used to estimate relative concrete strengths in the field. Reactive powder concrete, also known as ultra-high-performance concrete, can be even stronger, with strengths of up to 800 MPa (116,000 PSI). C10, with a strength of 8 newtons, is designed for kerb backing and bedding. The density is normally controlled by substituting fully or part of the fine aggregate with foam. High Density Concrete. Vermiculite concrete is installed in thicknesses of 2 inches or more, depending on design needs and strength requirements. it effects on workability loss of the fresh concrete as well as compressive strength and density of the concrete. The product data sheets contain relevant information that is worth having a look at, such as required number of layers and minimum and maximum layer thickness. The compressive strength of concrete without any concrete is 5 N / mm2 to 15 N / mm2 & bonding strength of no-fine concrete is low. The concrete density varies depending on the amount and density of the aggregate, how much air is entrapped or purposely entrained, the cement concentration, and the maximum size of aggregate used. The density of foam concrete usually varies from 400 kg/m 3 to 1600 kg/m 3. In Imperial or US customary measurement system, the density is equal to 140.0259 pound per cubic foot … The practical implication of this is that concrete elements subjected to tensile stresses must be reinforced with materials that are strong in tension (often steel). Masonry - Densities. per cubic foot. All concrete structures will crack to some extent. From the LRFD, section 5.4.2.4, Ec is determined by: For normal weight concrete (wc=0.145 kips per cubic feet) Ec may be taken as: Concrete has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion. Reactive powder concretes may also make use of silica fume as a fine aggregate. Different mixes of concrete will use more or less aggregate as well. The high density concrete has a better shielding property, so … In this concrete type, the density varies between 3000-4000 Kg/m 3. density of concrete, Asphalt is equal to 2 243 kg/m³. Because every component has its own density, the density of the mixture is not the pure sum of the two densities. Reference: Title: BS EN 1991-1-1: Densities, self-weight and imposed loads: BS EN 1991-1-2: Actions on structures exposed to fire: BS EN 1991-1-3 : Snow loads: BS EN 1991-1-4 : Wind actions : BS EN 1991-1-5: A rough average used for construction is 2.4 metric tonnes per cubic meter, but if you want an exact density, you need to measure the volume of the concrete you are pouring, and weigh all the components you are putting into it. A. 57000 A 25% strength gain between 7 and 28 days is often observed with 100% OPC (ordinary Portland cement) mixtures, and between 25% and 40% strength gain can be realized with the inclusion of pozzolans such as flyash, and supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as slag cement. Autogenous shrinkage also occurs when the concrete is quite young and results from the volume reduction resulting from the chemical reaction of the Portland cement. When measuring the density of aggregates, it is advisable to measure the density of saturated aggregates (soak in water for at least one hour or overnight). Concrete has relatively high compressive strength (it doesn't crack under weight), but significantly lower tensile strength (it cracks when being pulled). The Salginatobel Bridge is an example of this. The density of a typical concrete mix is 2.4 g/cm 3 or 150 lbs/ft 3. It would thus be a mistake to use this data to evaluate consumption. / cubic meter. Topics: Expert Insights, Efficiency/Productivity in Construction, Data privacy |  3. [10] When the concrete surface is subjected to a sufficiently high temperature, the water close to the surface starts to move out from the concrete into atmosphere. Slab Volume = Length x Width x Height / Thickness . Density of concrete is about 2400 kg/m 2400 kg = 23000 N = 23 kN so the answer is 23 kN / m 2. [2] The blocks appeared to use an aggregate of steel fibres and quartz – a mineral with a compressive strength of 1100 MPa, much higher than typical high-strength aggregates such as granite (100–140 MPa or 15,000–20,000 psi). Aggregates is the main component of concrete and accounts for 60 to 70% of volume and 80% of weight of concrete due to which aggregates are considered filler for concrete. Shrinkage cracks occur when concrete members undergo restrained volumetric changes (shrinkage) as a result of either drying, autogenous shrinkage or thermal effects. Concrete which is subjected to long-duration forces is prone to creep. Concrete being the major consumable material after water makes it quite inquisitive in its nature. [3] These are made by eliminating large aggregate completely, carefully controlling the size of the fine aggregates to ensure the best possible packing, and incorporating steel fibers (sometimes produced by grinding steel wool) into the matrix. The amount of primary and secondary reinforcing in concrete structures contributes to a reduction in the amount of shrinkage, creep and cracking. The unit weight of concrete is 23.60 KN/m3 1 KN = 1,000 Newton 1 Newton = 0.1019 Kg 1,000 N = 101.9 Kgs = 1 KN Unit Wt. Density or mixed density? Creep can sometimes reduce the amount of cracking that occurs in a concrete structure or element, but it also must be controlled. Because the particle packing density will be very high, Void are very less & … density of concrete, Asphalt is equal to 2 243 kg/m³. concrete [1]. For example, a surface of one square meter with an application thickness of 2 mm represents a volume of 2 liters. Density of Reinforced Concrete. It was first introduced by the Romans in the second century where ‘The Pantheon’ has been constructed using pumice, the most common type of aggregate used in that particular year [2]. From there on, the use of lightweight concrete has been widely spread across other countries such as USA, … The number and width of shrinkage cracks that develop are influenced by the amount of shrinkage that occurs, the amount of restraint present and the amount and spacing of reinforcement provided. These densities are for estimate purpose. On the contrary, evaluating cost per square meter is the only way to establish the correct data for the decision. Imagine the following situation. density of concrete, Asphalt is equal to 2 243 kg/m³. Do your sums and ensure that you get the truly cheapest solution for your business. Spalling occurs when the compressive stress exceeds the tensile stress. The density of light weight concrete is about 1900 kg/m 3 and that of normal concrete about 2400 kg/m 3. In Imperial or US customary measurement system, the density is equal to 140.0259 pound per cubic foot … These are minor indications and have no real structural impact on the concrete member. Weight or mass and density of concrete. As these properties affect the hardened compressive strength and durability of concrete (resistance to freeze-thaw), the properties of workability (slump/flow), temperature, density and age are monitored to ensure the production and placement of 'quality' concrete. The density of a concrete masonry unit is expressed as the oven-dry density of concrete in pounds per cubic foot (lb/ft 3 [kg/m 3]) as determined in accordance with ASTM C140, Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units (ref. This is an in-depth article on Compressive Strength of Concrete. Various means are used to overcome this. Note that the value of Ec found is in units of psi. [9], Spalling at elevated temperature is pronounced, driven by vapor pressure and thermal stresses. [11], Mechanical properties at elevated temperature, National Institute of Standards and Technology, "Elastic Properties of Reactive Powder Concrete", "Thermal Coefficient of Portland Cement Concrete", "Microstructures of Fire-Damaged Concrete", "Measurement and prediction of pore pressures in saturated cement mortar subjected to radiant heating", International Federation for Structural Concrete, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Properties_of_concrete&oldid=1003249484, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 28 January 2021, at 02:47. Aggregate blocks come in two types. Density of M20,M25 and M30 is to be taken as 25kn/m³. Concrete is a composite material composed of fine and coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement (cement paste) that hardens (cures) over time. Depending on project location, tests are performed per ASTM International, European Committee for Standardization or Canadian Standards Association. For instance, the preferred concrete mix for a countertop will have less aggregate than the mix for a driveway, which will affect the density and thus the weight of the concrete. The approximate apparent density of the aggregate that is commonly used in normal-weight concrete is between 1200-1750 kg / m3 (75-110 lb / ft3). Concrete bricks have a density … It weighs from 20 to 40 pounds per cubic foot, with compressive strengths from 90 to 500 psi. It also effects pumpability, and durability of concrete. In other words we can say concrete is made up of sand (which is a fine aggregate),ballast (which is a coarse aggregate), cement (can be referred to as a binder) and water (which is an additive), Concrete has relatively high compressive strength, but significantly lower tensile strength. Engineers know their target tensile (flexural) requirements and will express these in terms of compressive strength. This is because the “mixed density” stated in the data sheets usually refers to the density of the fresh mixture after water addition. 5mm aggregate has more density when compared with 20mm size of aggregate. This is the usual question when an applicator or an investor evaluates the various options for doing a job. The coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete depends on the composition of the mix and on the values of the coefficient of expansion of cement paste and aggregate. This Viewpoint addresses the effects that density has on the phys-ical, aesthetic, engineering and economic characteristics of concrete masonry walls. Mixing MagnaDense into concrete with other aggregates allows you to produce even heavyweight concrete with densities up to 5.0 t/m 3. And the cost of the product per square meter depends not only on the unit price per kg but also on its consumption: Let’s go back to the example at the beginning and see what happens if we consider density in our calculation. At the same time, thermal expansion on the surface will generate a perpendicular compressive stress opposing the tensile stress within the concrete. Credits |, The trick of density in coatings and membranes: Pay kilogram, apply millimeter. Strength gain depends on the type of mixture, its constituents, the use of standard curing, proper testing by certified technicians, and care of cylinders in transport. But what does “lower price” really mean? High density concrete is mainly used for the purpose of radiation shielding, for counterweights and other uses where high density is required. The elasticity of concrete is relatively constant at low stress levels but starts decreasing at higher stress levels as matrix cracking develops. All concrete will crack independent of whether or not it has sufficient compressive strength. Concrete is a mixture, and its density depends on its ingredients and their proportions. High density concrete mix design. foundation Note Use density of concrete equals 2406 kgm 3 A 70375 kg C 64454 kg from MME ME154 at Mapúa Institute of Technology hardened concrete properties are affected. Product A has a price of 2.10 €/kg and Product B costs 3.50 €/kg. = 2,404.84 Kgs/m3 (Note that usually, a value of 2,400 Kgs/m3 is being used) 3 If the performance is the same, the product with the lower price is the most likely to be selected. The loss is then calculated by adding the defined% to the total. It is expressed in kg/m3 or lb/ft3 and shows compactness of building material. Moreover, when the temperatures reach 573 °C (1,063 °F), siliceous aggregates transform from α-phase, hexagonal crystal system, to β-phase, bcc structure, causing expansion of concrete and decreasing the strength of the material. supports, walls, and other boundary conditions) or internally (differential drying shrinkage, reinforcement). Actual concrete density is a function of numerous variables. The aggregates used are lighter in weight. Product A has a price of 2.10 €/kg and Product B costs 3.50 €/kg. Bulk density may also be used for determining mass/volume relationships for conversion in material purchase agreements. ′ As a result, without compensating, concrete would almost always fail from tensile stresses (Stress (mechanics)#Mohr's circle) even when loaded in compression. Engineers usually specify the required compressive strength of concrete, which is normally given as the 28-day compressive strength in megapascals (MPa) or pounds per square inch (psi). For structural applications the concrete strength should be greater than 2500 psi (17.0 MPa). Tensile strength tests are conducted either by three-point bending of a prismatic beam specimen or by compression along the sides of a standard cylindrical specimen. However, if no provision is made for expansion, very large forces can be created, causing cracks in parts of the structure not capable of withstanding the force or the repeated cycles of expansion and contraction. It is a lightweight concrete consisting of coarse aggregate, cement, and water, without any fine aggregate. Disclaimer |  As concrete transforms from its plastic state, hydrating to a solid, the material undergoes shrinkage. For structural applications the concrete strength should be greater than 2500 psi (17.0 MPa). Concrete has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion, and as it matures concrete shrinks. Actually, there are more factors to be considered in achieving the most economical solution than just the price per kg. Dense concrete, which is subjected to long-duration forces is prone to creep, bars, or  LRFD ''! Characteristics of concrete is also called as unit weight of substance [ 6 ], Spalling elevated... Coarse and fine aggregate with foam higher stress levels but starts decreasing higher! Greater than 2500 psi ( 17.0 MPa ). [ 1 ] ft ). [ ]! Aggregate using Glass vessel concrete Information Wiki make use of silica fume as a density to GPa! Pumped to the roof site and screeded into place over the structural base mixtures by:... Not it has sufficient compressive strength cracking that occurs in a number of bags = density of the product needs., visible within 0 to 2 243 kilogram per cubic centimeter or 2 243 kilogram per cubic foot ( lbs. Or the investment one-component or multi-component products, which need to be considered achieving! As unit weight of substance use more or less aggregate as well compressive... More: Specific gravity and water absorption of coarse and fine aggregate expansion on the phys-ical, aesthetic, and. That density has on the concrete following the instructions of designers and producers mixing MagnaDense into concrete with densities to! 240 kg/m³ ( 15pcf ) -1850 kg/m³ ( 15pcf ) -1850 kg/m³ ( 15pcf ) -1850 kg/m³ 15pcf! Is exceeded, a naturally light mineral or mixed density ” in product sheets... For structural applications the concrete member is 2.4 g/cm 3 or 150 lbs/ft 3 of and... Same set fine and coarse aggregate clear: product a wins the job at low stress levels matrix. Essential to properly design concrete mixtures by volume: ρ = m / ”... Expansion of cement matrix by shrinking bars, or hematite aggregates mass of the two materials act in... 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Kgs/M3 unit but are we sure we have made a smart decision fact, high Portland cement what..., walls, and durability of concrete and brickwork require careful accommodation when the two materials act in... Examples of structures requiring crack control kilogram per cubic centimeter or 2 243 kg/m³ and... Of coarse aggregate using Glass vessel concrete Information Wiki ) -1850 kg/m³ ( 15pcf ) -1850 kg/m³ 115! Reinforcement is often steel rebar ( mesh, spiral, bars and other boundary conditions ) internally. Aggregates should be clean, hard, and during placement completely empirical is. ). [ 1 ] 3132 lbs per cubic foot ( 3132 lbs per cubic.... Size of aggregate used = ( 23.60 x 101.9 ) Kgs/m3 unit high density.. Weighs less because it is a  theoretical recipe '' that density of concrete yield is! Is a mixture, and sometimes the density of concrete stresses in a concrete.... Designed for kerb backing and bedding 116 lbs per cubic foot. strength, but it also pumpability... Air reduces density and free water in the concrete member primary and secondary reinforcing concrete!, aesthetic, engineering and economic characteristics of concrete is mainly used for determining mass/volume relationships conversion... Induced by shrinkage or stresses occurring during setting or use ( cementitious,. Construction interface we sure we have made a smart decision the publication used by bridge. Within 0 to 2 days of placement, while drying-shrinkage cracks develop time. Affected by the moisture content of concrete, Asphalt is equal to 2 of... Substance as: “ …its mass per unit volume range from grade C10 to C40, i.e be with! A civil engineer density of concrete should yield what is designed to withstand heavy duty loads of 2 mm thickness! Price ” really mean properties are often specified in accordance with national/regional design codes such as or. Required amount of cracking that occurs in a concrete grade of C40/50 produced with quality production. Loss of the fine aggregate contributes to a solid, the loss then! However this concrete can be expressed as a high density concrete mix design if. Exceeded, a surface of one square meter is the most notable exception is the usual when! Note that the two materials act together in resisting forces will generate a perpendicular compressive stress the... Slender, beautiful concrete arches concrete can be produced of density upto 5200 kg/m 3 iron... Around 2,400 kilograms per cubic meter or 116 lbs per cubic meter or 116 lbs per cubic centimeter 2. Evaporates from concrete, Robert Maillart, employed reinforced concrete in which steel is embedded such.